Cooking Conversions

Measurement conversions, cooking times and ingredient substitutions

Volume Conversions

1 cup = 16 tbsp = 48 tsp = 237 ml
3/4 cup = 12 tbsp = 36 tsp = 177 ml
2/3 cup = 10.7 tbsp = 32 tsp = 158 ml
1/2 cup = 8 tbsp = 24 tsp = 118 ml
1/3 cup = 5.3 tbsp = 16 tsp = 79 ml
1/4 cup = 4 tbsp = 12 tsp = 59 ml
1 tbsp = 3 tsp = 15 ml

Weight Conversions

1 lb = 16 oz = 454 g
1 oz = 28 g
1 kg = 2.2 lb = 1000 g

# Common ingredients
1 cup flour = 120g
1 cup sugar = 200g
1 cup butter = 227g

Temperature Conversions

# Oven Temperatures
250F = 120C # very low
300F = 150C # low
350F = 180C # moderate
400F = 200C # hot
450F = 230C # very hot

# Formula: C = (F-32) × 5/9

Common Substitutions

1 cup milk → 1 cup almond milk
1 egg → 1/4 cup applesauce
1 cup butter → 1 cup coconut oil
1 cup sugar → 3/4 cup honey (reduce liquid)
1 cup flour → 1 cup almond flour (adjust recipe)
1 tsp baking powder → 1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar

Cooking Times

# Chicken
Breast: 20-30 min at 375F
Whole: 20 min/lb at 350F

# Beef
Rare: 125F internal
Medium: 145F internal
Well done: 160F internal

# Pasta
Al dente: 8-12 min boiling