C++ Conditionals and Loops

if (condition) { # check condition
    // code if true
} else if (condition2) { # additional check
    // code if condition2 true
} else { # default case
    // code if all false
}

switch (expression) { # evaluate expression
    case 1: # if expression is 1
        // code
        break; # exit switch
    case 2: # if expression is 2
        // code
        break;
    default: # if no match
        // code
}

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { # loop 10 times
    cout << i; # print index
}
for (int x : array) { # range-based for
    cout << x; # print each element
}

while (condition) { # repeat while true
    // code
}
do { # execute at least once
    // code
} while (condition); # check after execution

break; # exit loop immediately
continue; # skip to next iteration